Analysis of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: II. Species Accounts

Fur harvest records were maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission on the following 16 furbearers: badger, beaver, bobcat, eastern spotted skunk (civet), coyote, gray fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, muskrat, nutria, opossum, raccoon, red fox, red wolf, river otter, and striped skunk. These harvest records were analyzed for each species in terms of mean pelt price and numbers of pelt sold by region (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta) per year. Historical or biological influences important in interpreting species accounts are presented

Analysis of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: III. Harvest-Price Relationships

Correlation and linear regression analyses between mean annual pelt price and total harvest of 13 Arkansas furbearer species between 1965 and 1983 were performed for state and regions (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta). Statewide, strong correlations (r \u3e 0.80) were identified for bobcat (Felis rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), mink (Mustela vison), nutria (Myocastor coypus), opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoon (Procyonlotor). Moderate correlations (r = 0.55 - 0.79) were identified for eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), river otter (Lutra canadensis), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Nonsignificant correlations (r \u3c 0.468) were shown for beaver (Castor canadensis) and long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata). Regional differences were noted for each species

Contingency power for small turboshaft engines using water injection into turbine cooling air

Because of one engine inoperative requirements, together with hot-gas reingestion and hot day, high altitude takeoff situations, power augmentation for multiengine rotorcraft has always been of critical interest. However, power augmentation using overtemperature at the turbine inlet will shorten turbine life unless a method of limiting thermal and mechanical stresses is found. A possible solution involves allowing the turbine inlet temperature to rise to augment power while injecting water into the turbine cooling air to limit hot-section metal temperatures. An experimental water injection device was installed in an engine and successfully tested. Although concern for unprotected subcomponents in the engine hot section prevented demonstration of the technique's maximum potential, it was still possible to demonstrate increases in power while maintaining nearly constant turbine rotor blade temperature

Distribution of the Southeastern Shrew (Sorex longirostris longirostris) in Arkansas

The southeastern shrew (Sorex longirostris longirostris) is considered uncommon and, due to a lack of knowledge, a Species of Greatest Conservation Need in Arkansas. Also, eastern Arkansas may represent a gap in the species’ distribution. Therefore, we evaluated persistence at previous capture sites, surveyed additional counties, quantified microhabitat at our capture locations, and compiled occurrences. Since Sealander and Heidt’s (1990) Arkansas Mammals detailed its occurrence, additional captures by Huston and Nelson (1994), Showen (2006), and this study document new counties (Pope and Searcy) and a new ecoregion (Arkansas Valley). Number of specimens in Arkansas has increased to 17 in 11 counties within the Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, and Arkansas Valley Ecoregions. Our efforts to assess a potential distribution gap within the Mississippi Alluvial Plain produced only specimens of other shrew species; therefore, possible factors affecting connectivity across the Mississippi Alluvial Plain and river basin are discussed. Given sparse records in Arkansas, uncommon and Species of Greatest Conservation Need designations are warranted for the southeastern shrew

MF2242

Daniel O'Brien et al., Economic comparison of SDI and center pivots for various field sizes, Kansas State University, October 1997

MF2587

Danny Rogers, et al, Fuel cost - an irrigation fuel cost evaluator, Kansas State University, August 2006

Helicopter handling qualities in degraded visual environments

New generation military helicopters are required to fly Nap-of-the-Earth (NoE) roles at night and in poor weather conditions. In these situations the pilot must guide the aircraft through obstacle cluttered environments, retain sufficient stabilised ' control, while at the same time coping with a range of degraded visual conditions. The Useable Cue Environment (UCE) procedures provide a means of assessing handling qualities as a function of available visual information, subsequently suggesting minimum control requirements (Response Types) in order to aid the pilot with the stabilisation of the aircraft. While the UCE procedures are' the preferred industry standard for quantifying and maintaining good levels of handling qualities in DVE, there is no direct appreciation of the difficulties encountered with guiding the aircraft or avoiding obstacles. The aim of this study was to develop the UCE approach by incorporating the guidance function of piloting, subsequently enriching the 'Helicopter Handling Qualities in Degraded Visual Environments' analysis procedures. To date few investigations have taken place to determine how the pilot guides the aircraft at low level and through cluttered environments. Recent studies in this field, involving the University of Liverpool, have suggested the importance of the movement of objects and textures in the visual scene (optical flow) for such prospective flight control. The most recent incarnation of this theory introduces the importance of a parameter called tau, ' , a natural temporal means of control thought to be exercised by animals and humans. '-theory provided a starting point for this investigation, developing into a series of piloted simulation trials to examine guidance based manoeuvring. Using a few carefully selected visual degradations, this extensive simulation campaign helped to identify the important visual information for guidance, such as the visual flow quality and the temporal range through which the pilot can see in order to plan his way through a cluttered environment. These findings have been translated into new UCE limits and overlaid onto the existing UCE chart. Added to these handling qualities prediction methods, a pilot control strategy for performing each of the manoeuvres has been developed using the principles of ' coupling. The possible use of this ,,-based control has been explained through the conceptual design of a tunnel-in-the-sky type flight director

Health assessment of gasoline and fuel oxygenate vapors: Micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange evaluations

AbstractMicronucleus and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests were performed for vapor condensate of baseline gasoline (BGVC), or gasoline with oxygenates, methyl tert-butyl ether (G/MTBE), ethyl tert butyl ether (G/ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (G/TAME), diisopropyl ether (G/DIPE), t-butyl alcohol (TBA), or ethanol (G/EtOH). Sprague Dawley rats (the same 5/sex/group for both endpoints) were exposed to 0, 2000, 10,000, or 20,000mg/m3 of each condensate, 6h/day, 5days/week over 4weeks. Positive controls (5/sex/test) were given cyclophosphamide IP, 24h prior to sacrifice at 5mg/kg (SCE test) and 40mg/kg (micronucleus test). Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta for the SCE test and femurs removed for the micronucleus test. Blood cell cultures were treated with 5μg/ml bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for SCE evaluation. No significant increases in micronucleated immature erythrocytes were observed for any test material. Statistically significant increases in SCE were observed in rats given BGVC alone or in female rats given G/MTBE. G/TAME induced increased SCE in both sexes at the highest dose only. Although DNA perturbation was observed for several samples, DNA damage was not expressed as increased micronuclei in bone marrow cells. Inclusion of oxygenates in gasoline did not increase the effects of gasoline alone or produce a cytogenetic hazard

Analysis of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: I. State and Regional Accounts

Fur harvest records maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission from 1942-1984 summarized the number of pelts sold by region (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta) and the average price per pelt for 16 furbearers. Analysis of these records showed that in the 1979-80 trapping season (the record year for both harvest and value both in Arkansas and the nation), the value of the Arkansas fur harvest ranked 14th nationally (2.12% of total national value). Fur harvests in Arkansas were high in the 1940\u27s, declined in the 1950\u27s and 1960\u27s and then experienced a rapid increase in the 1970\u27s and into the 1980\u27s. In all decades, the Mississippi Delta has ranked first in both numbers of pelts harvested and total value. With the exception of the 1970\u27s, the Delta has been followed by the Ozark Mountains, the Gulf Coastal Plain, and the Ouachita Mountain Region